2. Current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission modes
A virus is a (nano)-organism comprising a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein capsid and sometimes an envelope. It must parasitize a cell in order to replicate.
SARS-CoV-2, for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related CoronaVirus-2, belongs to the Coronaviridae family, which includes six other coronaviruses capable of infecting humans.
This is an enveloped virus, 120 to 160 nm in size, with a helical capsid and a genome made up of single-stranded RNA of around 30,000 nucleotides. The external structure comprises S glycoproteins (spike or spicule) that form a sort of crown on the viral membrane. This surface protein binds to the ACE2 cell receptor, which is expressed in many of the body's tissues. SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts,...
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Current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission modes