Conclusion and metrological outlook
Laser power measurement - Measurement techniques based on radiation pressure

The existence of pressure generated by electromagnetic radiation on a surface has been known for around 150 years, but it wasn't until certain technological advances were made that renewed interest was generated in the 2010s for its metrological application to the measurement of energy flows. These technological advances include :

• the development of laser technology since the 1960s for a wide range of applications, which has led to a growing need for measurements over a wide range of laser powers and wavelengths;

• thin-film technology for optical elements and, more specifically, for mirrors with metallic or dielectric layers offering high reflectivity over wide spectral ranges;

• the development of new high-resolution displacement detectors and low-force sensors.

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