Electron beam welding
High-energy beam welding: electron beam and laser

The tool used in this process is the electron beam generated in a gun, which gives it its power and enables it to be focused. The electrons, endowed with mass and electrical charge, come from an emitting material (forming a cathode), in which they are naturally present and free, and from which they are extracted by thermoelectric effect under vacuum (the material is brought to high temperature under high vacuum) and electrical attraction. Electrical attraction accelerates them, giving them kinetic energy in accordance with the simple laws of mechanics.