Conclusion
Characterization and analysis of powders

Characterizing powder properties is not a trivial task. Whether it's a question of the intrinsic or behavioral properties of divided media, most existing tests remain comparative and devoid of absolute significance. One of the main reasons for this is the presence of a highly deformable gas phase between the particles, which gives divided solids very different properties from the same solid in a compact state. In this context, establishing suitable protocols and following them meticulously are essential practices for obtaining credible, reproducible results.

The importance of the sampling procedure must also be stressed, and the utmost attention must be paid to it. It goes without saying that correct sampling remains the sine qua non of meaningful measurement.

Ideally, a powder characterization technique should satisfy several conditions...