Consequences
Voltage quality - Hollows and short cuts

Voltage dips and interruptions (like all other disturbances) are not perceived objectively, as they are always perceived through the operation of a piece of equipment. What's more, the perception of voltage dips and interruptions also depends on their characteristics: for some equipment, an interruption lasting a few minutes has no effect, whereas for longer periods, measurable effects are produced.

In addition, equipment manufacturers have to solve the following twofold problem:

• produce at the lowest...