1. Solid-state lasers
1.1 Materials
The laser transition takes place between the energy levels E1 and the fundamental level E0. The lifetime of the upper E2 level into which the pumping energy is brought is very short so that the population density N2 is "0.
We can therefore write that the doping ions in the material are distributed between E0 and E1. Population inversion is reached when :
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Solid-state lasers
Semiconductor lasers
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