1. Notion of network
The aim here is not to give an exhaustive account of this vast subject, which is the subject of an abundant literature, but simply to give a few notions useful for understanding what follows.
In communications, there are two basic types of link: channels and networks.
A channel is a direct communication link between a source and a destination, i.e. a point-to-point connection. In video, for example, an RS 422 link between an editing table and a VTR is a channel. The RS 422 "port" is directly connected at a given moment to a well-defined VTR (even if it is bay-switchable). The direct parallel link between a computer and its printer is also a channel.
A network, on the other hand, is an...
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Notion of network