Notions of electroacoustics
Microphones

Acoustoelectric transduction

The transducer is a system that transforms energy received in a given form (e.g. mechanical, thermal, light, etc.) into energy that can be used in a different form (e.g. acoustic, electrical, etc.).

An acoustoelectric transducer transforms acoustic energy (sound wave) into electrical energy (signal).

Such a transducer is said to be linear when, for a given frequency, the electrical voltage collected at the output terminals u (V) is proportional to the acoustic pressure p (Pa) acting on the input (figure 1).

A transducer is said to be reversible if, powered by an electrical source, it is capable of delivering acoustic energy.

A transducer is said to be reciprocal if, during its reversible operation, it constitutes a source of flow q (m...