Background information
Non-collective sanitation techniques and management - The skills of a SPANC

At the beginning of the 20th century, individual sanitation was viewed with suspicion by hygienists. And rightly so, because at the time, the efficiency and reliability of individual sanitation systems were highly questionable. Individual sanitation systems, such as septic tanks, were prone to malfunctions and frequent odor nuisances.

However, since the 1980s, significant progress has been made in the field of on-site wastewater treatment. Technologies evolved and systems became more sophisticated yet robust, offering an effective solution for wastewater treatment.

Today, individual sanitation is considered a reliable and rustic option in most cases. What's more, individual sanitation is flexible. It can be installed anywhere, in rural or suburban areas, in single-family homes or small apartment blocks. This versatility makes it possible...