Special issues
Electromagnetic characterization of anisotropic or heterogeneous materials

Today, we can confirm that the measurement of EM properties of solid dielectric or magnetic LHI materials is well mastered in the microwave field. A nationwide measurement inter-comparison campaign carried out in the 90s revealed a dispersion of the order of 10% in the results obtained for low-refractive-index, low-loss dielectrics using different characterization methods. Following this campaign, the APC7 coaxial line reflection/transmission technique was chosen as the measurement standard (§ 2.3.1