2. General synthesis route to 4-SBF
All 4-SBF derivatives presented in this article are synthesized from 4-bromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene (4-Br-SBF) or its pinacol borane derivative (4-Pin-SBF), which are the central platforms of the synthetic routes (figure 2 ). 4-Br-SBF is obtained by following two routes presented in figure 2 , either by coupling 2,2'-dibromobiphenyl 1 and fluorenone 2 (route A
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General synthesis route to 4-SBF
Origin of the conjugation break
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