2. Optimization
The external quantum efficiency (ηq, ext) of a light-emitting diode is defined as the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of electrons injected. It can be described as the product of the electron-hole recombination rate (ηr), the radiative de-excitation probability (ηdr), the photoluminescence efficiency (φPL) and the fraction of photons extracted from the device (ηopt) :
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Optimization
Reliability
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