The very small variation (less than 1%) in the refractive index in the useful part of optical fibers allows Maxwell's equations to be replaced by a scalar propagation equation :
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(1) - JOINDOT (M.I.) et douze coauteurs - Les télécommunications par fibres optiques. - Collection Technique et Scientifique des Télécommunications. Dunod (1996).
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Pulse propagation in a single-mode fiber
