Conclusion
Photonic devices - Bas parameters

Photonics is the driving force behind numerous scientific advances in fields such as physics, astronomy, and space research. From an industrial perspective, after an initial phase (in France, as in most European countries) heavily focused on defense, it is now experiencing rapid growth in a growing number of fields such as telecommunications, machining, surveillance, and process control, renewable energy (photovoltaics, wind power, nuclear), as well as in the biomedical field (surgery, medical imaging) and consumer electronics (multimedia, telephony, photography).

This article has summarized the most important parameters of the upstream components (sources, media, optics, detectors) of such systems, which play a major role in this growth thanks to advances in the state of the art of optics and photonics. Due to its growing influence on the economy, photonics was recognized as early as 2009...