Overview
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the reuse of lithium-ion batteries. This solution reduces the environmental impact of batteries by extending their lifespan. However, battery reuse raises many technological, scientific, and economic questions, which are detailed in this article. The article explores these issues and highlights the need to change our lifestyles and our relationship with objects.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Marwan HASSINI : Research Fellow - GEST (EMob-Lab/Ampère – Joint Research Team on Energy Management and Storage for Transportation) - Gustave Eiffel University, ENTPE, EMob-Lab, Bron, France - Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, Ampère, UMR 5005, Villeurbanne, France
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Serge PÉLISSIER : Research Director - GEST (EMob-Lab/Ampère – Joint Research Team on Energy Management and Storage for Transportation) - Gustave Eiffel University, ENTPE, EMob-Lab, Bron, France
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Eduardo REDONDO-IGLESIAS : Research Engineer - GEST (EMob-Lab/Ampère – Joint Research Team on Energy Management and Storage for Transportation) - Gustave Eiffel University, ENTPE, EMob-Lab, Bron, France
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Pascal VENET : University Professor - GEST (EMob-Lab/Ampère – Joint Research Team on Energy Management and Storage for Transportation) - Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, Ampère, UMR 5005, Villeurbanne, France
INTRODUCTION
Human activities have adverse effects on the climate, the environment, and health. The sustainable development of human activities requires, among other things, a significant reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. In the transportation and energy sectors, electrification is a practice promoted by many countries around the world. To enable this energy transition, batteries are seen as essential storage solutions. The volume of batteries brought to market increased tenfold between 2016 and 2023 and, according to some analysts, is expected to increase sixfold by 2030.
Today, lithium-ion batteries are the most commonly used storage solution for electric vehicles and stationary storage, excluding seasonal storage. Their low self-discharge rate, lack of memory effect, and high energy density make them a more efficient technology than other battery technologies currently on the market. However, this technology also poses challenges related to cost, recycling, environmental impact, and safety during storage and use. Over the lifespan of a lithium-ion battery, the usage phase must be as long as possible in order to spread out over time the unavoidable environmental impacts of the manufacturing and recycling phases. The electricity mix must also be as low-carbon as possible to ensure the environmental benefits of electrification . The costs of manufacturing and end-of-life processing for lithium-ion batteries make them a “valuable” resource that should be used for as long as possible. A battery may be deemed unsuitable for its intended application and declared “end-of-life” when it can no longer store the energy needed to power a vehicle. Given the automotive industry’s requirements for range and charging speed, it is clear that these decommissioned batteries will retain significant potential for less demanding applications. This potential “second life” therefore offers both economic and environmental benefits by extending the battery’s total service life. However, it raises numerous technological, scientific, and economic questions related to lifespan, safety, and diagnostics, which are addressed in the remainder of this article.
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KEYWORDS
sustainability | waste management | | second-life battery
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Seconde Life Batteries
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