Combination and intensification with other separation techniques
Membrane distillation - operating principles and achievements for industrial translation

The new generation of membrane materials and manufacturing techniques, as well as process development and optimization, have enabled DM to extend its applications in new directions: more efficient and environmentally-friendly desalination achieving zero liquid discharge, treatment of difficult wastewater, removal of specific gases from water to be treated, concentration of fruit juices in the food industry; and recovery of minerals and value-added chemicals from wastewater streams