MD performance and limitations
Membrane distillation - operating principles and achievements for industrial translation

During the study of DM applications, it became apparent that clogging and wetting, as well as membrane ageing, are disadvantages of the system, and are explained by the membrane's surface charge and hydrophobicity. So, to solve these problems of membrane clogging and wetting, it is necessary to improve the hydrophobicity, porosity, thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical rigidity of the membrane. Most research has focused on improving the surface wetting problem by developing or transforming the hydrophobic membrane surface into superhydrophobic and omniphobic surfaces.