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Analysis of water - Methods and indicators for the measurement and monitoring of aquatic pollution

This article highlights the major issues related to wastewater pollution and the complex challenges associated with its management, against a backdrop of increasing pressure on water resources. Wastewater discharges from domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities are, in fact, one of the main causes of aquatic environmental degradation. Its impact on the quality of surface water and groundwater raises significant environmental and health concerns, particularly due to the persistent presence of toxic substances and emerging micropollutants, which are often difficult to remove through conventional treatment processes.

In this context, wastewater analysis plays an essential role in assessing effluent quality, identifying contaminants, and ensuring compliance with environmental standards. Current analytical tools make it possible to characterize a wide range of physicochemical, biological,...