13. Virtual water and water footprint
The concept of virtual water was introduced in 1999 by J. Allan, and that of water footprint in 2002 by A. Hoekstra. Virtual water" or "water footprint" refers to the total quantity of freshwater required for agricultural or industrial production, or for a service.
The table at 28 shows some data for current products. These figures are worldwide averages.
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Virtual water and water footprint
Challenges for the future
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