1. Process efficiency
The objective of the user of a membrane process is twofold: to ensure maximum productivity (permeation) in order to minimize operating costs, while at the same time achieving an efficiency (selectivity) that meets the set constraints. Process permeation and selectivity are therefore at the heart of membrane process optimization.
1.1 Permeation: volume flow density
The volume flow rate per unit area (or volume flow density or permeation flow rate) is the ratio of the permeation flow rate to the membrane surface area:
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Permeability: concentration polarization and clogging
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