Introduction to quantum computing

Quantum computing is a constantly expanding field. It relies on the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. Unlike conventional computers, which use bits to represent 0s or 1s, quantum computers use qubits. A qubit can represent a 0 or a 1, but also a superposition of the two, thanks to a quantum phenomenon known as superposition.

This feature enables quantum computers to process much more information simultaneously than conventional computers. They will be able to solve problems currently unsolvable by conventional computers in a reasonable time. They will, for example, enable the development of new, more secure encryption methods, simulate the assembly of molecules to discover new drugs, break current encryption systems, or improve machine learning algorithms for Artificial Intelligence.

The quantum computer is based on three concepts: the qubit, superposition (being in a combined state of 0 and 1) and quantum entanglement. Two or more qubits can in fact be entangled, i.e. linked in such a way that their states are correlated. Measuring the state of one of the qubits instantly affects the state of the other, regardless of the distance separating them.