Conclusions and outlook
Acute and massive bee mortality - Mass spectrometry as investigation tool

The proposed analytical process optimizes the search for toxic products by combining a rapid, easy-to-implement sample preparation protocol, a screening analysis of a wide range of molecules using LC-Q-Tof and a highly sensitive confirmation and quantification method using LC-MS/MS. This methodology could be extended to other beekeeping matrices (honey, wax, brood...) to collect more data on acute or chronic intoxications, and be used in other contexts such as environmental monitoring.