Control process quality, both upstream and downstream
Visualization tools (cartography, mapping, etc.)

In the early stages of the project, it is necessary to prepare the data for datavisualization. This may involve data from different sources, whose formats will need to be standardized, and which will need to be cleaned in order to rid them of any errors or risks of duplication.

A solution like Open Refine can help to prepare and harmonize data sets. Indeed, the massive influx of information to be processed and the automation of this processing can lead to the incorporation of erroneous data and introduce errors of judgment.

Beware also, downstream this time, of the effects induced in a visual representation by scale, perspective, 3D effects... In cartography, for example, the choice of map background, data colors and projection have an impact on the final...