End-to-End Deployment: Transport or Application Protocols
Multi domain network hybridation

This chapter examines hybridization solutions implemented at the transport layer (Layer 4 of the OSI model) or at the application or intermediate layers, enabling an end-to-end deployment relying exclusively on terminal equipment. Functionally, these approaches are independent of the routing and switching mechanisms deployed within intermediate network infrastructures.

End-to-end hybridization allows a connection between a client and a server to exchange data via multiple distinct network paths, either simultaneously or sequentially. It thus introduces a logical abstraction of the physical medium, comparable to a form of end-to-end overlay, aimed at improving communication resilience, bandwidth aggregation, and mobility management in heterogeneous multi-access environments.

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