Conclusion
Data quality

Numerous cases described in scientific literature and the press reveal alarming situations linked to data quality issues in numerous databases, data warehouses and information systems, whether commercial, medical, public domain, industrial or web-based. Until the 2010s, approaches to assessing and improving data quality were often ad hoc, fragmented and specific to relatively compartmentalized application domains. With the rise of data governance within most organizations and enterprises, more generic, practical solutions and strategies have been proposed, accompanied by software tools that facilitate the cleansing and preparation of data for analysis. A number of scientific hurdles in this field have already been overcome