Toxicity
Metallic nanophases - Definitions, processing and properties

Since metallic phases are chemical elements, they all exhibit a certain degree of toxicity. Nanophases, in the broad sense, began to gain prominence in the early 1980s, and the prospects for their application led, as early as the 1990s, to the establishment of standards (ISO 80004-1, ISO/TS 12025, AFNOR, etc.) regarding their nature, form, and size, the study of their impact on health, and the establishment of safety regulations, particularly in the workplace. Research has been conducted notably within the framework of European programs such as H2020 SmartNanoTox [NM 8 010]...