Plasticity in casting - Cold metals

The objective of this section is to provide a more realistic account of the cold behavior of metals described in document : elasticity, work hardening, plastic anisotropy, and sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure—whether in the damage phases of solid products or for products resulting from powder metallurgy.

Compared to the document , we will therefore abandon the E∞ assumption and the assumptions in Section 1 (except for the principle of maximum work), but separately. We will not discuss in detail the more elaborate models that combine all these aspects, which, in practice, are more or less interrelated: for example, material anisotropy implies, a priori, elastic and plastic anisotropy.

This section is illustrated by various examples related to sheet metals, a field in which these concepts are particularly important and widely used.