Conclusion
Electro Slag Remelting Process (ESR)

Thanks to the chemical refining it enables, and the control of inclusion cleanliness, compositional homogeneity and solidification structure of the ingots produced, ESR electroslag consumable electrode remelting has become a major process in this field of secondary metallurgy, often referred to as "special processing", geared towards the production of very high value-added steels and superalloys.

The process is well mastered by manufacturers, who have developed considerable know-how in terms of melt regulation and optimization of the main operating parameters. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation bring additional rigour to the implementation of this know-how.

The slag, made from fluorides and oxides, is a central component of the process, and largely determines its performance.

In addition, process variants...