5. Scandium extraction
The extraction of scandium is difficult, as the chemical attack on the scandiferous material must take into account the fact that scandium's chemical properties are close to those of thorium and rare earths. The main production comes from thortveitite pegmatites, uranium ore tailings and concentrates from wolframite and rare earth deposits.
5.1 Extraction from primary resources: Norwegian thortveitite and Chinese wolframite
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Thortveitite concentrates contain 30-40% Sc2O3, 44-47% SiO2, 8-9.5% heavy TR, 1-1.5% light TR, 2-5% Al2O3, 2-3% Fe2O3 and small amounts of Mn, Ca, Mg, Th, Hf and Zr. They are difficult to dissolve in mineral acids due to their high silica content.
After grinding,...
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Scandium extraction
Scandinavian purification (Sc2O3)
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