Conclusion
Calendering

Advances in our understanding of the process have enabled us to define calendering lines that produce high-quality sheets and films with very high throughputs and large widths (5 to 6 m compared with 2 to 3 m 10 years ago).

Modeling the calendering process has contributed to this understanding. In figure 31 , for example, we have defined the conditions for obtaining a sheet free from matting and fusing defects, at two different temperatures, based on calendering parameters.

To be more relevant, this modelling would need to take more detailed account of :