Thermal, metallurgical and mechanical effects
Superficial treatments using high-energy-density beams

Figure shows the coupled diagram of effects induced during surface treatments using high energy density FHDE beams (laser or electron beam). This figure illustrates the interaction, in the form of a triangle, between the thermal state (temperature), the metallurgical state (metallurgical transformations or phase changes) and the mechanical state (stresses and strains).

Most of the work in the literature is concerned with modeling only the temperature-induced phase change and the stresses induced by this phase change, the others being both negligible and difficult to take into account.