Commercially Available Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
Fuel Cells applied to Electric Mobility. Part 2: Environmental and Economic Aspects of Hydrogen Mobility

   A fuel cell is an electrochemical generator that produces an electric current from a reaction between dihydrogen (H₂)—stored in gaseous or liquid form on board the vehicle—and dioxygen (O₂)—available in the ambient air. Fuel cells can be used in trucks, airplanes, buses, trains, and boats.

   The technology selected for transportation is PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane), which uses a solid membrane as the electrolyte.

   The core of this fuel cell stack consists of individual cells (AME), which are assemblies of two electrodes (an oxidizing anode that emits electrons and protons, and a reducing cathode that collects them) and a membrane that allows protons (H⁺) to pass through while blocking electrons (e^—), which then flow through the external electrical circuit (Figure