Conclusion and outlook
Fuel injection in car engines

Gasoline injection has now virtually replaced carburetion in all automobile engines. In recent years, the direct-injection engine has begun to establish itself as a means of achieving significant gains in fuel consumption and reducing pollutant emissions. At the heart of this revolution are the components of the injection system - pumps, injectors and ECU - but their effective integration is coupled with in-depth studies of the intake and exhaust chamber and ducts to create the mixture-forming strategies that will make the possibilities opened up by the new technologies operational.

The expected convergence of diesel and petrol combustion systems requires a perfect understanding of the mechanisms involved in mixture formation, and the development of components offering new possibilities.

Current pressure-raising actuators consume too much...