Sealing in Mechanics - Sealing of static connections

The sealing function is at the heart of current concerns to reduce emission levels during normal operation ("fugitive emissions"), as well as the risks of accidental leakage, for safety, environmental and economic reasons. In addition, considerations of durability and energy efficiency (particularly for dynamic seals) also play a part in sealing performance.

The sealing level is the result of a set of interdependent and often multi-physical phenomena (geometric, mechanical, thermal, fluidic, physical, chemical, etc.). There are no universal solutions, and the choice of a sealing solution involves finding a compromise between various properties (leakage level, temperature resistance, chemical compatibility, mechanical resistance, cost, etc.). It is therefore important to be familiar with the various technologies available, in order to select the most appropriate solution for each application.

This article deals with so-called "static" waterproofing, where the only movement around the sealant is due to mechanical and/or thermal deformation of the waterproofing system. It complements article [BM 5 417] , which provides an introduction to the concept of sealing and associated measurements. Dynamic" seals, incorporating stem or shaft movement, are covered in articles [BM 5 419] and [BM 5 420] . In this latter field, it should be noted that a series of articles [BM 5 421]