Glossary
A New Geopolitics of Energy

Non-conventional gas; non conventionnal gas

Shale gas and tight gas, which require fracturing techniques to be produced.

Réserves prouvées ; proven reserves

Quantities (of oil or gas) that exist in identified deposits and that can be produced under current technical and economic conditions.

Énergie primaire; primary energy

Energy before transformation. For example, crude oil is primary energy, while petroleum products or electricity are secondary energy.