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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can reveal the internal physical processes of a system. For this reason, it has become a powerful diagnostic and characterization technique for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including hydrogen systems WANG (H.), GAILLARD (A.), HISSEL (D.), batteries SHA (J.), LI (X.), QIU (G.), and photovoltaic (PV) systems WANG (X.), ZHENG (Z.), AILLERIE (M.), PERA (M.-C.), HISSEL (D.). By applying small electrical disturbances and analyzing the voltage-current response over a predefined frequency range, one can obtain the system’s EIS, which provides relevant information about these internal dynamic processes.
In the face of the climate emergency, the valorization of industrial and biological gases (e.g., H2, CO2, CH4) represents a strategic lever for a low-carbon circular economy. This article analyzes the potential of their bioconversion by microorganisms to produce biofuels, chemical compounds, and proteins. It presents the microbiological foundations, available processes, critical operating conditions, technological bottlenecks, and prospects for industrial integration.
Public lighting is undergoing major transformations driven by technological innovation, energy transition and growing environmental concerns. Long viewed as a technical infrastructure ensuring visibility and safety, it is now part of broader territorial strategies integrating energy efficiency, environmental protection and social acceptance. This article examines recent developments by combining technological, regulatory and territorial perspectives. It highlights the role of planning tools, the importance of nocturnal uses and social perceptions, and the emergence of a more systemic approach to public lighting at the territorial scale.
The French nuclear industry relies on uranium-235 fission, which represents only 0.7% of natural uranium, requiring enrichment. This process generates large amounts of depleted uranium, considered waste in thermal reactors, along with spent fuel. However, these materials still contain valuable elements such as uranium and plutonium. Fast neutron reactors can convert uranium-238 into plutonium-239, greatly increasing energy extraction. This article outlines these materials and their potential uses, including MOX fuel and specific applications such as long-lasting nuclear batteries.
The primary energy supply is still mainly provided by fossil fuels. In addition to the risks of depleting these resources which are only available in finite quantities, the world is facing the major challenge of global warming, due to greenhouse gas emissions, the main one being carbon dioxide emitted by combustion. It is therefore necessary to ensure an energy transition to low-carbon energies as soon as possible, which requires a complete transformation of the energy system. The article presents the main technologies to be deployed.
Carbon tracking for utilities is part of the “Emissions Inventory” phase of the regulatory GHG report (BEGES) and the energy review under ISO 50001, while also contributing to the non-financial reporting required by the CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive).But how do you convert meter readings into reliable GHG emissions? And how can you use these emissions as a decision-making criterion for your utility investments? Energy managers, HSE managers, industrial management controllers, technical directors… you want to implement an operational carbon tracking system for your site’s utilities and integrate it into investment decision-making criteria, in accordance with ISO 14064-1 and the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard.
Mobility is a major source of emissions (passenger travel and freight transport) and a key factor in business continuity (site access, deliveries, HR attractiveness –, human resources). Low-Emission Zones (LEZs) aim to restrict the movement of the highest-emitting vehicles within certain areas, typically based on Crit’Air stickers. An effective strategy combines regulatory compliance (LEZs), travel efficiency (avoidance/reduction), optimization (better organization), and substitution (more efficient modes of transport, low-emission vehicles), based on data (travel surveys, fleet data, and full-cost analysis).
On July 14, 2021, the European Commission unveiled its “Fit for 55” legislative package. This European requirement and the CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) require companies to integrate decarbonization, energy performance, and ESG reporting into their strategy, governance, and investments. This practical guide provides step-by-step instructions to help you align your operational processes, carbon footprint calculations, and governance with these new European requirements. By investing the time needed to read and apply this guide, you will transform a compliance requirement into a driver of overall performance. You will master dual materiality to identify your climate risks and market opportunities.
Faced with sustained rises in energy prices and increasing obligations to reduce CO2 emissions (the European Energy Efficiency Directive [EED], the Tertiary Sector Decree, and regulatory GHG reporting requirements), industrial companies are required to manage their energy consumption in a structured and documented manner. Developing an energy metering plan provides you with reliable consumption data. The next— –—and decisive—– —step is to identify areas where savings are technically and economically feasible, then prioritize them to focus investments on actions with the highest return on investment.
Industrial heat accounts for approximately 50% of the French industrial sector’s final energy consumption, or more than 400 TWh per year. Currently, more than 75% of this heat is produced using fossil fuels (natural gas, fuel oil, coal), making this sector the primary area for decarbonization in the national industry. The European and national regulatory frameworks have been significantly strengthened since 2021. The “Fit for 55” package aims for a 55% reduction in net GHG emissions by 2030. The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) are driving up the cost of fossil fuels, with the projected price of carbon reaching 100–150 €/tCO2 by 2030.
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