Low-Cost Implementation of the SIE
Low-cost impedance spectrometer for characterizing electrochemical devices

SIE is implemented by applying a broadband disturbance signal to the test object and extracting the corresponding response signals. Using an appropriate signal processing technique, the impedance of the test object can be calculated and presented as a spectrum. As illustrated in Figure 4 , the overall process can be organized into four functional modules:

• the signal generation module;

• the signal sampling module;

• the signal processing module;

• the results visualization module.