Architectures of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Cells and Modules
A new era for tandem photovoltaic cells

Silicon, due to its remarkable properties, is the foundation of all microelectronics. These include, among others, its semiconductivity—which can be modified through doping—its thermal stability and good mechanical strength, as well as its varied chemical reactivity and the natural formation of protective oxides on its surface. However, its indirect bandgap means that several hundred micrometers of silicon are required to absorb the majority of photons available in solar radiation (whereas only a few hundred nanometers are sufficient for certain direct-bandgap materials). This characteristic might not have made it ideal for photonic conversion applications, such as photovoltaics, but it turns out that crystalline silicon-based solar cells account...