2. Scientific and technological aspects
The physical properties of the sodium nucleus (23Na) allow it to be detected by NMR and, consequently, salt (NaCl) to be analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and imaging. When a salty sample is placed in an intense, static magnetic field, a macroscopic magnetization appears in the sample parallel to the field. This results from the distribution of all sodium nuclei between different energy levels at thermodynamic equilibrium.
Note :by "set" we mean a very large number. For example, 1 liter of water at a concentration of 1 M NaCl contains ~ 6 · 1023 sodium nuclei.
An NMR experiment (http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/ nmr/inside.htm) begins by disrupting thermodynamic equilibrium by supplying energy in the form of a radio-frequency wave...
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Scientific and technological aspects