5. X-ray imaging
Since 1990, the performance of industrial X-ray imaging has been steadily improving, thanks to the spectacular increase in computing power, enabling fine image analysis in real time. It enables the entire volume of a product to be examined for particles of a different nature (different chemical composition, and therefore different electron density) to that of the product itself.
5.1 Physical principles
To fully appreciate, and sometimes put into perspective, the performance of X-ray detectors, we need to explain how this technology exploits the physical properties of materials. X-rays are photons of very short wavelength (between 10–12 and 10–9 m), located in the frequency band between gamma rays (ionizing radiation) and ultraviolet rays, and therefore possessing a...
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X-ray imaging
Optical sorting by surface examination
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