Main types of biosensors
Applications of biosensors: from food control to search for life on Mars

The principle of electrochemical biosensors is based on the immobilization of a ligand on an electrode. The biochemical response to the addition of a substrate is transformed into an amplified, quantifiable electrical signal. Electrochemical biosensors can be conductometric, potentiometric or amperometric.

Conductimetric biosensors are based on the principle of modifying the conductivity of a medium between two electrodes when micro-organisms metabolize uncharged substrates, such as sugars, into intermediate compounds such as lactic acid. The quantity of charged...