Future Outlook
Energetic Transition. Challenges and Outlooks

The energy transition faces significant challenges that must be overcome to achieve the desired goals.

These challenges stem primarily from the need to meet an inexorable rise in global energy demand, driven by demographic changes and rising living standards. Energy consumption will continue to grow sharply in emerging economies—primarily in Asia today and in Africa in the future.

Furthermore, since the generation capacity of renewable energy sources—solar and wind—cannot be controlled, their implementation requires either maintaining a significant share of fossil fuels as a backup or the massive deployment of storage facilities, the development of which is hampered by the heavy investment required (site development and transmission lines) as well as by the limited number of available gravity storage sites. The combination of renewables and nuclear power requires maintaining a significant...