2. Quantum dynamics

2.1 The linear Schrödinger equation

Over the past 25 years, quantum mechanics has considerably outgrown its initial framework. Experiments in the early 1980s, showing that Bell's inequalities had been violated, and thus that quantum mechanics as it had been formulated from the outset was correct, unlocked certain blockages and opened the door to a number of increasingly applied experimental realizations. We will therefore devote a substantial section to this subject. It's worth noting that the challenge of building quantum computers may well be met in the future by technological advances and ideas.

Last but not least, the last twenty-five years have seen the emergence of an experimental physics of simple quantum systems, and many mathematical models once considered...