3. Breakage criteria

Many models predict the amplification of surface waves and the deformation of the liquid surface. When do fragments separate, and under what conditions?

The exact study should go beyond the macroscopic equations describing the free surface and look at microscopic (molecular) scales. The drop formation studies presented above propose asymptotic solutions, almost all of which are equally impractical for complete calculations, given the number of drops to be studied.

Obtaining disturbance amplification modes must result in drops when the disturbance size is large enough. This is where the breaking criteria come into play.

For a cylinder, we assume that the liquid detaches at a wavelength λ. The detached volume gives rise to a spherical drop. By conservation of mass, we have