1. Chemical Looping" technology

1.1 History – Socio-economic context

The development of Chemical Looping processes is closely linked to the socio-economic requirements of our society, which have changed considerably over time.

From 1904 Howard and Lane used the "Chemical Looping" concept to supply balloons with hydrogen. To do this, they used syngas from coal gasification, which they oxidized with iron ores (consisting mainly of hematite Fe ₂ O ₃ ) to obtain water vapor, which in turn was reduced by the iron to turn into hydrogen. Despite the incomplete conversion of gases into hydrogen and the poor suitability of iron ores for recycling, this method was widely extended in Europe and the USA enabling...