1. Context

1.1 Interesting all-solid devices

Many devices exist and are effective with a liquid component: energy storage, display devices, sensors, membranes, catalysts. Wherever possible, these devices are ideally packaged in entirely solid form. This demand is sometimes linked to imperative needs, as much as to objectives of simplifying production, packaging, miniaturization, easier integration into overall systems, or even safety for man and the environment. More often than not, the move to "all solids" is made at the expense of ionic or molecular transport performance, and sometimes also of optical transmission or emission qualities. Naturally, the aim is to improve the performance of solid-state devices to bring them as close as possible to the performance of liquid-state devices....