1. Light-emitting diodes

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are increasingly present in our environment, and their role is set to grow with their foreseeable short- to medium-term arrival on the white light and domestic lighting markets. Their role in automotive lighting is already growing, whether for low-power applications (dashboard lighting) or high-power applications (headlights). The reasons for this craze include the compactness of LEDs, their virtually unlimited lifespan and their low power consumption: around 10% of that of an incandescent lamp for comparable light output. They are increasingly used in wall signage and traffic lights,...