4. Industrial and environmental challenges
Pharmaceutical outsourcing has focused on the upstream part of the value chain, i.e. the production of APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients), which constitute the active part of the drug and are therefore a key ingredient. The production of APIs is a critical stage in the drug value chain, as they represent the essential ingredient: if they are absent, the drug is not a drug at all. There are over 2,800 active ingredients, most of which are produced in Asia (60% by 2022, including 40% in China ).
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Industrial and environmental challenges
Conclusion
Bibliography
- (1) - LEEM - Le marché pharmaceutique. - Article consultable en ligne https://urlr.me/xfw3v7
- (2) - TIWARI (S.), WEE (H.M.), DARYANTO (Y.) - Big Data Analytics in Supply Chain Management...
Regulations
Public Health Code (article L. 5111-1)
Public Health Code (article L. 5136-1)
Public Health Code (article L. 5124-17-2)
Guidelines published by the European Commission (2013/C 68/01 and 2013/C 343/01 of November 5, 2013).
Decree no. 2016-993 of July 20, 2016 on the fight against drug supply shortages. NOR : AFSP1605997D. JORF...
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