3. Digitization of the banking, insurance, legal and consulting professions

The consulting, legal and accounting professions are practiced by both regulated (lawyers, chartered accountants, notaries, etc.) and unregulated professions (consultants, analysts, trainers, etc.). They belong to the vast ecosystem of the liberal professions, which covers 600,000 companies, employs 1.8 million people and generates almost 10% of French GDP.

These various professions have characteristics that give them apparent protection in the face of competition from start-ups.

A number of professions are regulated: access to them requires advanced degrees and registration with professional bodies (lawyers, chartered accountants, notaries, technical experts, etc.).

They are governed by a code of ethics based on loyalty and professional secrecy. They are generally practiced in small or medium-sized independent firms...