2. From expressing needs to specifying innovative systems

2.1 Design strategy and systems thinking

If we take a global viewpoint, design is expressed by the passage from an idea to its concretization under the constraint of a technological legacy. This process is classically based on three antagonistic points of view: the user, the designer and the manufacturer, each supporting a vision of the object or system to be designed. Of course, in reality, a large number of professions, players and companies coordinate to offer a service or object that can be sold on the market. In the industrial sector, design strategies initially focused on objects have evolved towards the notion of systems, then systems coupled with the user, with environmental aspects being taken into consideration in recent years. Globalization is coupled with a growing awareness...